According to Searle and his famous "How to Do Things With Words" there are these 5 types of "speech acts" - differing by what they actually want to bring about:
They commit the speaker to something being the case. The different kinds are: suggesting, putting forward, swearing, boasting, concluding. Example: ``No one makes a better cake than me''.
They try to make the addressee perform an action. The different kinds are: asking, ordering, requesting, inviting, advising, begging. Example: ``Could you close the window?''.
They commit the speaker to doing something in the future. The different kinds are:, planning, vowing, betting, opposing. Example: ``I'm going to Paris tomorrow''.
They express how the speaker feels about the situation. The different kinds are: thanking, apologising, welcoming, deploring. Example: ``I am sorry that I lied to you''.
They change the state of the world in an immediate way. Example: "You are fired":
Thanks!
ReplyDeleteThis is a nice way to explain the role of a give piece of communications and how it relates to a specific communication task.
Lets say a brand is trying to increase market share. The role of communication might be to drive trial and the communication task to remind and give a clear call to action. That would be Directive. The interesting thing is the difference between this and Commissive or Expressive witch would be the solution to a different problem.
This also ties nicely into the scale of immediacy from the grand master Stephen King.